Finally, we are posting our first Scientific Article which is written by Samiha Tasnim. She is a student of Dhaka Shiksha Board Laboratory School & College also she's the Associate General Secretary of DSBL Science Club. The article is about volcanic eruptions in the title of "Origin of Volcano".
"ORIGIN OF VOLCANO" ABSTRACT: Volcanoes are special types of mountains through which hot and molten rocks, ash, and gas can come out of the interior of the earth. It is a geographical process. Underground hot air, water vapor through some cracks or pores, Molten rocks, Mud, Ash, Gas come out with great speed. All these emitted substances come into contact with the cooldown rapidly to form solid forms, some of which come around the cracks and gradually accumulate to a conical shape. Then it is called "Volcano". These eruptions are called volcanic eruptions. Volcanoes are the mouths of eruptions that form outside the volcano. About 80 volcanoes erupt each year. There aren't about half a thousand active or living volcanoes on earth. Volcanoes that have no chance of erupting are called dead or extinguished volcanoes. Also, dormant volcanoes are not currently active but may erupt in the future. Eruptions can occur if cracks appear in the crust, if there are any weak pores in the crust or if the underground liquid rock and pressure increase, volcanic eruptions can cause clouds of ash and gaseous matter to form in the sky. Volcanoes can also form in the middle of the ocean. The liquid rock stored inside the earth is called "Magma", and the liquid rock that comes out of the earth's surface is called "Lava"
REASON OF ERUPTION: The origin of the volcano is still uncertain although the main cause of the volcanic eruption is -
1. The more you go inside the surface of the earth, the higher the amount of heat although the underground elements are molten under the extreme pressure of the earth's surface rock layers, these elements have melted but remained stable. If for some reason this amount of pressure decreases, the elastic state of matter inside the earth may change. As a result, volcanic eruptions occur when a liquid of these substances is released into a fragile space, inside or between a weak layer.
2. Another reason for the origin of volcanoes is the intense pressure of water vapor and other vapors underground. Earth is no inner or middle bhugarbhera panisamuha melting bhugarbhera heat the water to vaporize and the volume increases. As a result of increasing the volume, tremendous pressure is created on the inside. As a result, water vapor and other vapor pressures of molten matter rise to the surface.
3. Radioactive elements such as radium, uranium, their incessant heat radiation increases the heat of the earth and increases its volume when its various elements become liquid. As a result, these heated substances can rise through a tunnel or crack and form a volcano.
4. If vapor is created somewhere underground or due to a chemical, that vapor can form a volcano due to the pressure of the weaker part of the earth's surface.
=} * Vesuvius Volcano in Italy - last erupted in 1944.
*Japan’s Sakurajima Volcano - has been erupting regularly for six years.
*Congo’s Nyiragongo Volcano -last erupted in 2002.
*Mouna Lowa Volcano in the Hawaiian Islands- lava flows almost all year round.
*Guatemala's Santa Mario Volcano - last erupted in 1902.
FORMATION OF VOLCANOES: To understand how volcanoes are formed, we need to know two things- the internal structure of the earth and the tectonic plate. The internal structure of the earth shows that there are three layers- the crust, the mantle, and the outer core. To understand a volcano, we need the middle layer, called the mantle. Although the ground cover is in a solid-state, high temperatures make it quite flexible at times and flow almost like a liquid. This liquid is called magma which contains Silicon, magnesium, oxygen, aluminum, manganese.
There are many levels in our world. We are all on the crust. It is very thin. Below this is a layer of extremely hot liquid, which, when given the chance, penetrates the upper layer and melts lava. When it comes out, it becomes like a frozen mountain in contact with the wind. The mouth is dry and when it comes out again, when the soft mouth cracks, it is called a "volcano". Since lava is a mixture of flammable iron and various metals, it can be consumed by people at the moment.
RESULTS: Volcanic eruptions can create plateaus, islands, destructions of any part of the earth's surface, deep cavities, volcanic lakes, lava eruptions, mountains, lava deposits can turn vast plains, villages, cities, agriculture can be destroyed. Many times the fertility of the soil increases, various minerals in the soil can be released.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, it can be said that volcanoes are cracks in the Earth's crusts where magma has reached the surface and turned into lava. There are about 500 volcanoes spread out all over the world, and above are just a few of the most well-known ones.
informations are collected from "Geography and Environment book" & "Wikipedia".
